Kebersihan saluran akar merupakan salah satu tujuan preparasi saluran akar. Penggunaan instrumen putar berbahan nikel titanium mulai banyak digunakan karena mampu menghasilkan kebersihan saluran akar yang lebih baik daripada instrumen manual berbahan stainless steel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kebersihan pada 1/3 koronal, 1/3 tengah, dan 1/3 apikal saluran akar pasca preparasi menggunakan instrumen putar nikel titanium (NiTi) Mtwo single length, ProTaper crown down, dan ProTaper hybrid. Subjek penelitian 12 gigi premolar maksila dan mandibula pasca pencabutan yang dipotong sehingga menyisakan akar sepanjang 12 mm, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok, kelompok I dipreparasi menggunakan instrumen putar Mtwo single length, kelompok II dipreparasi menggunakan ProTaper crown down, dan kelompok III dipreparasi menggunakan ProTaper hybrid. Seluruh subjek penelitian dipotong longitudinal, kemudian dilakukan pelapisan menggunakan emas. Pengamatan tingkat kebersihan saluran akar dilakukan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) dengan perbesaran 2.000 kali pada 3 area pandang, 1/3 koronal, 1/3 tengah, dan 1/3 apikal. Hasil foto mikrografis (SEM) kemudian diberi skor 1-4 berdasarkan tubuli dentinalis yang tidak tertutup oleh material hasil preparasi. Hasil uji Kruskal-Wallis menunjukkan adanya perbedaan tingkat kebersihan 3 segmen saluran akar yang bermakna pasca preparasi menggunakan instrumen putar Mtwo single length, ProTaper crown down, dan ProTaper hybrid (p<0,05). Hasil uji U Mann-Whitney antar segmen pada setiap kelompok menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebersihan saluran akar yang terbaik di 2/3 koronal dan terjelek di 1/3 apikal, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara Mtwo single length, ProTaper crown down, dan ProTaper hybrid di 1/3 koronal dan 1/3 apikal (p>0,05), serta pada 1/3 tengah hasil preparasi ProTaper hybrid memiliki tingkat kebersihan saluran akar terbaik baik secara bemakna jika dibandingkan Mtwo single length maupun ProTaper crown down (p<0,05). Pada penelitian ini, disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan tingkat kebersihan 3 segmen saluran akar yang bermakna pasca dilakukan preparasi menggunakan instrumen putar Mtwo single length, ProTaper crown down, dan ProTaper hybrid.

Root canal cleanliness is one of root canal preparation’s goal. Nickel Titanium rotary instrument is beginning to be used widely due to its ability in achieving root canal clenliness better than that of stainless steel manual. The aim of this study was to find out any differences on cleanliness level at coronal third, middle third, and apical third of root canal prepared using nikel titanium (NiTi) rotary instrument Mtwo single length, ProTaper crown down, and ProTaper hybrid. The subjects of the study were twelve post extracted maxillary and mandibular premolars which were cut to leave twelve millimeters long roots and then divided into three groups which consisted of premolars prepared using Mtwo single length (group one), ProTaper crown down (group two), and ProTaper hybrid. All subjects were subsequently sectioned longitudinally to be coated with gold. Root canal cleanliness level were observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with 2000 times magnification at three fields of view which were coronal third, middle third, and apical third. Micrograph results were given score which ranged from 1 to 4 based on dentinal tubules uncovered by material resulted from preparation. Kruskal-Wallis test results showed significant differences on cleanliness level between three root canal segments after root canal preparation using MTwo single length rotary, ProTaper crown down, and Protaper hybrid (p<0,05). U Mann- Whitney test between segments in each group indicated that coronal third and middle third had the best cleanliness level and apical third had the poorest cleanliness level, there is no significant difference on cleanliness level between Mtwo single length, ProTaper crown down, and ProTaper hybrid at coronal third and apical third (p>0,05), and middle third segment prepared using ProTaper hybrid had significantly the best root canal cleanliness level compared to those prepared using Mtwo single length and ProTaper crown down. This study concludes that all instruments produce good cleanliness level at coronal and middle third, but can’t produce good cleanliness level at apical third and the best cleanliness level happens at midlle third by ProTaper hybrid.

Kata Kunci : Kebersihan, segmen saluran akar, instrumen putar