Latar belakang: Keselamatan pasien merupakan isu penting dan global saat ini dalam pelayanan kesehatan serta telah menjadi fokus dalam sistem kesehatan, terutama di rumah sakit. Penelitian tentang pelaksanaan program keselamatan pasien sudah mulai banyak dilakukan di luar negeri. Namun, untuk pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien rumah sakit di Indonesia belum banyak data yang diperoleh dan belum ada yang melaporkan secara lengkap pelaksanaan patient safety, khususnya di D.I. Yogyakarta, sehingga menarik untuk dilakukan penelitian. Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan struktur, proses dan output dari implementasi program keselamatan pasien pada 12 rumah sakit umum di D.I. Yogyakarta. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus deskriptif dengan menggunakan rancangan multikasus holistik pada 12 rumah sakit pemerintah dan swasta. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah rumah sakit umum yang ada di D.I. Yogyakarta dengan kelas A, B dan C. Pelaksanaan keselamatan pasien di rumah sakit dinilai dalam aspek, yaitu struktur, proses dan output dengan menggunakan model Donabedian. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, observasi dan dokumen. Analisis data secara deskriptif (tabel dan uraian naratif). Hasil: Pelaksanaan strategi patient safety di 12 RS D.I. Yogyakarta sudah berjalan, namun visi dan misi rumah sakit yang mencakup keselamatan pasien masih rendah. Pelaksanaan mekanisme patient safety masih sangat rendah, khususnya ketersediaan dan pengontrolan peresepan secara elektronik. Output keselamatan pasien pada tingkat RS telah tersedia, namun pada tingkat unit penyimpanan obat risiko tinggi masih belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Kapasitas tempat tidur dan akreditasi rumah sakit tidak mempengaruhi pelaksanaan program patient safety, namun semakin tinggi kelas rumah sakit semakin banyak indikator patient safety yang dijalankan. Program patient safety di rumah sakit swasta lebih baik dibandingkan dengan milik pemerintah. ISO 9001:2008 turut berkontribusi dalam pelaksanaan program patient safety dibandingkan dengan RS yang belum memiliki ISO 9001:2008. Kesimpulan: Terdapat variasi pelaksanaan patient safety berdasarkan kelas rumah sakit dan kepemilikan (pemerintah vs swasta). Diperlukan komitmen dan konsistensi pimpinan RS dalam pemantauan patient safety di RS.

Background: Patient safety is an important issue in the current global in the health care. It has become a focus in the health system, especially in hospitals. Research on how the implementation of the patient safety programs have been done in other countries. Number of data obtained and reported a not complete absence of the implementation of patient safety in Indonesia, especially in D.I. Yogyakarta Province so it will be interesting to do research. Objective: To describe how the structure, process and output of the implementation of patient safety program in 12 public hospitals in D.I. Yogyakarta Province. Methods: This type of research was a descriptive case study using a holistic multicase design in 12 public and private hospitals. Subjects in this study were general hospitals in D.I. Yogyakarta with the class A, B and C. Using the Donabedian’s model, the implementation of patient safety in hospitals was assessed in the aspects, i.e. structure, process and output. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation and documents. Data analyzed descriptively (tables and narrative descriptions). Results: Implementation of patient safety strategy in D. I. Yogyakarta Province hospitals already running well, but the aims and mission include patient safety were still low. Implementation of patient safety mechanism was still very low especially availablity of electronic drug prescription system. Output level of patient safety in hospitals has been available but at high risk of drug storage unit was still not as expected. The study of implementation of patient safety mainly not contributed by number of beds and accreditation of hospital, but the higher hospital class the implementation of patient safety was better. Patient safety program in private hospitals were better than the government-owned. The hospitals which already got ISO 9001:2008 had to the implementation of patient safety program better than the hospital which have not got the ISO 9001:2008. Conclusion: There were found variations in the implementation of patient safety, especially in class of hospital and the owner of the hospital (goverment vs privately owned). Commitment and high consistency of the hospital leaders in monitoring patient safety in hospitals is needed.

Kata Kunci : patient safety; implementasi keselamatan pasien; rumah sakit