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PROMOSI KESEHATAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU DETEKSI DINI KANKER SERVIKS PADA IBU-IBU ANGGOTA PENGAJIAN AS SAKINAH PERUMAHAN GRIYA WIROKERTEN INDAH KECAMATAN BANGUNTAPAN, BANTUL

Ismawarti, Dra. IM Sunarsih, SU.

2011 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Sebanyak 80-90% kanker serviks cenderung muncul pada perempuan usia 30-55 tahun. Sebagian besar penderita kanker serviks terdeteksi sudah dalam stadium lanjut. Upaya pencegahan kanker serviks dapat dilakukan melalui promosi kesehatan dengan media audio visual dan metode diskusi interaktif untuk mendorong individu melakukan upaya deteksi dini dengan cara pemeriksaan pap smear atau inspeksi visual dengan asam asetat (IVA) secara teratur. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi kesehatan dengan media audio visiual dan diskusi interaktif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku deteksi dini kanker serviks pada ibu-ibu anggota pengajian As Sakinah Perumahan Griya Wirokerten Indah kecamatan Banguntapan, Bantul. Metode: Jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan action research. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling dengan kriteria ibu-ibu berstatus menikah (pernah menikah), belum pernah menjalani hysterectomy (operasi pengangkatan rahim), dan bersedia menjadi informan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam untuk mengungkap secara detil pendapat seseorang tentang kanker serviks dan upaya deteksi dini. Analisis data menggunakan open code. Hasil: promosi kesehatan menggunakan audio visual film dan diskusi interaktif pada forum yang terbatas serta punya kedekatan personal di antara pesertanya, efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap positif terhadap kanker serviks dan deteksi dini. Perilaku para ibu melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks secara individual (sendiri) belum siap (unfavorable) karena merasa malu dan ada rasa khawatir dengan hasil deteksi dini jika ternyata hasilnya dinyatakan positif. Mereka bersedia (favorable) melakukan deteksi dini secara kolektif. Upaya menjaga kesehatan reproduksi dilakukan dengan cara menghindari faktor risiko, berdo’a dan ibadah (sholat). Kesimpulan: Media audio visual dan diskusi interaktif dalam promosi kesehatan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap positif terhadap kanker serviks dan deteksi dini pada ibu-ibu anggota pengajian As Sakinah. Pengetahuan dan sikap positif terhadap urgensi deteksi dini kanker serviks belum menjamin terjadinya perilaku deteksi dini. Para anggota pengajian As Sakinah belum melakukan deteksi dini kanker serviks secara sendiri. Tetapi para ibu bersedia melakukan secara bersama-sama (kolektif) dan difasilitasi di lingkungan perumahan.

Background: As many as 80-90% of cervical cancers tend to occur in women aged 30-55 years. Most cervical cancer are detected already in a late stage. Servical cancer prevention efforts can be done through health promotion using interactive discussions and audio visual media aid to promote an individual early detection efforts by pap smear or visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Objective: To determine the effect of health promotion through the media of audio-visual aid and interactive discussion in improving knowledge, attitude and behavior of As-Sakinah Recitation member in Banguntapan Subdistrict on an effort of cervical cancer early detection. Methods: Qualitative research used action research approached. The sampling method applied by the purposive sampling with women’s criteria are As Sakinah recitation members who had never undergone a hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus), had married (ever married), willing to become as an informant. Data was collected by in-depth interview to reveal in detail the opinions of someone about cervical cancer and its early detection efforts. Data analysis used was open code program. Results: Health promotion using the audio-visual film and interactive discussions on the forum are limited and have personal ties among the participants, effective for increasing knowledge and positive attitudes towards cervical cancer and early detection. The behavior of mothers early detection of cervical cancer by an individual (alone) is not ready (unfavorable) because they feel shame and no sense of worry about the results of early detection if it turns out the results tested positive. They are willing to (favorable) early detection collectively. Efforts to maintain reproductive health is done by avoiding risk factors, pray and worship (prayers). Conclusions: The audio visual media and also interactive discussion in health promotion could improve knowledge and positive attitude towards early detection of cervical cancer on the women’s member of As Sakinah recitation. Knowledge and positive attitude toward the urgency of cervical cancer early detection could not guarantee the occurring of early detection behavior. The member of As Sakinah recitation was had no early detection personally because shy and afraid with the result of early detection. They are willing to do a joint (collective) and facilitated in the neighborhood.

Kata Kunci : Promosi kesehatan, audio visual dan diskusi interaktif, kanker serviks dan deteksi dini


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