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Studi Implementasi Kebijakan Pelayanan Kesehatan Lansia di Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta

SRI LESTARI, Mulyadi Sumarto, M.P.P., Ph.D

2018 | Tesis | Magister Studi Kebijakan

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk lansia yang pesat di Indonesia diiringi dengan tingginya peningkatan jumlah penderita penyakit tidak menular. Kondisi sosio-ekonomi yang rendah serta gaya hidup yang tidak benar merupakan faktor-faktor pemicu penyakit tidak menular. Selain itu, lansia juga beresiko tinggi mengalami kecacatan dan ketidakmandirian akibat penyakit tidak menular. Jika hal ini dibiarkan, beban ketergantungan lansia akan semakin tinggi dan beban negara untuk pembiayaan masalah kesehatan akan semakin meningkat. Dalam upaya mengatasi permasalahan ini, pemerintah telah mengeluarkan kebijakan tentang penyelenggaraan pelayanan kesehatan bagi lansia melalui Puskesmas dengan Peraturan Mentri Kesehatan RI no.67 tahun 2015. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menggambarkan bentuk-bentuk program pelayanan kesehatan bagi lansia, kendala pelaksanaan program pelayanan kesehatan bagi lansia, serta peran puskesmas dalam upaya peningkatan kesehatan dan keaktifan lansia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta memiliki peran yang besar dalam meningkatkan kesehatan dan keaktifan lansia di wilayah sekitarnya dengan melaksanakan program Puskesmas Santun Lansia, Program Posbindu, Program Prolanis, dan Program Posyandu Lansia. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah keterbatasan sumber daya manusia sebagai pelaksana program serta kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam program. Sedangkan peran dari Puskesmas Mantrijeron antara lain sebagai penyedia layanan kesehatan yang terpadu di mana upaya pelayanan yang diberikan mencakup upaya promotif, preventif, kuratif, dan rehabilitatif, perwujudan pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan perwujudan Active Ageing pada pilar kesehatan.

The increasing number of the elderly in Indonesia is followed by the increasing number of non-communicable diseases. The poor socioeconomic condition as well as the non-healthy lifestyle are the triggering factors of the non-communicable diseases. Moreover, elderly is at a high risk of suffering from disability and dependability due to the effect of non-communicable diseases. If no intervention is made to handle this situation, the burden of the elderly is highly likely to increase which in turn will increase the burden of the nation. This is because the government have to pay the high cost of health. In order to address this matter, the government has issued a health policy regarding health service for the elderly in primary health care which is legalized by the Act of Indonesian Health Ministry no 67 year 2015. This is a qualitative research which is to describe the implementation of health services in Puskesmas Mantrijeron Kota Yogyakarta. The purpose of this research is to describe the available health programs implemented by the health facility which are designed for the elderly. Research also aims to find out about the obstacles faced by the health facility in implementing the programs. Last but not least, research also aims to identify the roles of the health facility in achieving Active Ageing. The findings of this research show that Puskesmas Mantrijeron played a significant role in increasing the health status of the elderly by providing various health programs concerning elder people, namely Age-friendly health facility, Posbindu program, prolanis program, and posyandu lansia program. The constraints found in the implementation of these programs are related to the limited human resources as well as the low participation level of the elderly in the programs. In general, Puskesmas Mantrijeron managed to fulfil two out of three pillars of WHO�s Active Ageing frameworks, namely health pillar and participation pillar.

Kata Kunci : elderly, non-communicable diseases, Primary health facility, active ageing.

  1. S2-2018-373491-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2018-373491-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2018-373491-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2018-373491-title.pdf