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CHARACTERIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF KARST DRAINAGE SYSTEM BASED ON HYDROGRAPH ANALYSIS IN GUNUNG SEWU KARST AREA

HENDY FATCHUROHMAN, Dr. Tjahyo Nugroho Adji, M.Sc.Tech.;Dr. M. Widyastuti, M.T.

2017 | Tesis | S2 Geografi

Penelitian ini dilakukan di kawasan karst Gunung Sewu, fokus pada beberapa lokasi yaitu Gua Gilap, Mataair Beton, sungai bawah tanah (SBT) Bribin, sungai bawah tanah Ngreneng dan Maraair Kakap. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : 1. Mengetahui karakter kurva resesi dari beberapa lokasi di di karst Gunung Sewu; 2. Menilai derajat karstifikasi dari beberara mataair dan sungai bawah tanah di Gunung Sewu; serta 3. Mengevaluasi kondisi fisik sistem drainase karst berdasarkan tingkat karstifikasi untuk pengelolaan sumberdaya air. Bahan utama dari penelitian ini adalah data hidrograf yang diperoleh dari pencatat tinggi muka air otomatis HOBO. Seteah seri data hidrograf terbentuk, dilakukan pemilihan kejadian banjir sehingga didapatkan beberapa kejadian resesi. Penggabungan dari beberapa kurva resesi tersebut merupakan kurva resesi master (MRC) yang dihitung menggunakan software HYDROOFFICE. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian derajat karstifikasi, secara umum akuifer Gunung Sewu tergolong sangat berkembang. Hasil analisis menunjukkan derajat karstifikasi 8 pada beberap lokasi yaitu Mataair Beton, Gua Gilap, dan SBT Bribin. Gua Gilap masuk pada kategori derajat karstifikasi 5,5 dicirikan oleh kombinasi batuan non-karst dan karst dengan ukuran pori yang beragam. Derajat karstifikasi Mataair Kakap dikategorikan menjadi kelas 5. Hasil MRC menunjukkan bahwa akuifer mataair Kakap terbentuk dari jaringan rekahan yang rapat dan berkombinasi dengan saluran konduit dalam cakupan area yang luas. Berdasarkan hasil analisis mengenai kondisi fisik dan derajat karstifikasi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi derajat karstifikasi maka sensitivitas terhadap pencemaran juga semakin tinggi. Pengelolaan daerah tangkapan harus difokuskan pada beberapa masukan aliran alogenik sebagai sumber utama pencemaran terhadap airtanah. Pengelolaan tutupan lahan yang tepat juga harus dilakukan terutama pada kawasan yang memiliki indeks kerusakan yang tinggi.

This study was conducted in Gunung Sewu karst area, focused on several sampling locations which are Gilap Cave, Beton Spring, Bribin Underground River, Ngreneng Underground River, and Kakap Spring. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the characteristics of recession curves from several karst springs and groundwater rivers in Gunung Sewu karst area; (2) to assess the karstification degree of several karst springs and groundwater rivers within Gunung Sewu Karst; (3) to evaluate the physical conditions of karst drainage system in Gunung Sewu Karst Area based on the karstification degree for karst water resources management. The primary data of hydrograph data series obtained from automatic water level data logger and field measurements. The secondary data were obtained from several previous research, such as hydrograph data and the physical condition of the catchment areas for each sampling location. From the hydrograph data series of each location, several single flood events were identified and analyzed. The single recession curve then assembled to generate Master Recession Curve (MRC). From the shape of MRC, the flow components were separated and each of them reflecting an independent discharge regime. According to the karstification degree assessment, in general Gunung Sewu is classified as highly developed karst aquifer. The results show that the aquifer classified at the 8th scale of karstification degree in Beton, Bribin, and Ngreneng. While Gilap Cave classified at the 5,5th scale, characterized by the combination of karstified and non-karstified aquifer with extensive disruption and disintegration of rock environment, with various pores and fissures size. Kakap spring classified at the 5th scale, characterized by the combination of fissure networks and conduit that associated by the fault zone. From the comparison of karstification degree and the existing physical conditions assessment of Gunung Sewu show that the higher the karstification degree is, the higher the sensitivity of the catchment area to contamination. The management of catchment areas should be focused on the allogenic inputs as potential contaminant sources and land use management.

Kata Kunci : Karst, Hidrograf, Kurva resesi, Manajemen sumberdaya air, Gunung Sewu, Indonesia

  1. S2-2017-374158-abstract.pdf  
  2. S2-2017-374158-bibliography.pdf  
  3. S2-2017-374158-tableofcontent.pdf  
  4. S2-2017-374158-title.pdf