Common cold atau selesma merupakan penyebab utama kunjungan pasien anak di sarana kesehatan di Indonesia. Komplikasi selesma dapat berupa otitis media, sinusitis akut, bronkitis dan pneumonia. Propolis pada uji pra-klinis mempunyai efek imunomodulator , antivirus, antibakteri, antiinflamasi, antikanker, dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian propolis pada anak dengan selesma. Penelitian ini kami lakukan dengan rancangan uji klinik buta ganda acak terkendali pada anak usia 2-12 tahun di Puskesmas Kota Yogyakarta, jumlah sampel minimal 33 pada masing-masing kelompok. Diagnosis selesma dibuat oleh dokter peneliti berdasarkan kriteria AAP 2006. Kelompok perlakuan mendapat propolis selama 7 hari, sedangkan kelompok kontrol mendapatkan plasebo. Luaran primer adalah perbaikan skor klinis selesma menurut Hemila (gejala batuk, gejala hidung, gejala tenggorokan dan gejala sistemik). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sejumlah 79 anak diikutkan dalam penelitian ini. Pada kedua kelompok perlakuan tidak didapatkan adanya perbedaan karakteristik dasar, dan skor selesma pada awal pengamatan. Selama 7 hari perlakuan tidak terdapat perbaikan skor klinis yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok (p 0,71). Pemberian propolis pada anak dengan selesma tidak memberikan perbaikan klinis yang lebih baik dibandingkan plasebo.

Background . Common cold is one of the major causes of pediatric visits to the health centers in Indonesia . Complications may include acute otitis media, acute sinusitis , bronchitis and pneumonia . Propolis reportedly have various immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects in a number of preclinical studies. Objectives . To determine the effectiveness of the administration of propolis as an adjuvant therapy in children with common cold. Methods. We conducted a double-blind, randomized clinical trial in children aged 2-12 years admitted to two primary health centers in Yogyakarta. Each of treatment and placebo groups consisted of at least 33 children. The diagnosis was established by a physician according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) 2006 criteria. The treatment group received propolis for seven days, while the placebo group was involved as controls. The primary outcomes were improvement of Hemila clinical scores (cough, nasal symptoms, throat symptoms, and systemic symptoms). Results. A total of 79 children were included in this study. There was no difference on baseline characteristics and clinical scores at the beginning of the observation between two groups. During the seven days of treatment, there was no significant improvement on clinical scores between two groups (p = 0.71). Conclusion. Administration of propolis in children with common cold does not provide better clinical improvement than those of placebo .

Kata Kunci : selesma, anak-anak, propolis, efektivitas